The Antimicrobial Potential of Virophages Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

Abstract

Antimicrobial resistance is becoming a serious danger to global health as it has caused more than 1.27 million deaths in 2019 alone. When it comes to multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms like Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, traditional antibiotics are becoming less and less effective. A promising substitute is provided by engineered virophage therapy, that makes use of genetically altered bacteriophages. By interfering with genes that provide resistance, these virophages lyse bacteria and integrate into their defense mechanisms. Recent developments show that they can both reverse resistance traits and eradicate MDR bacteria. Studies on animals have demonstrated a notable decrease in bacterial load and an increase in survival. In contrast to traditional antibiotics, virophages change with bacterial populations, which may postpone the formation of resistance and protect the human microbiome. There are still issues, nevertheless, such as intricate host-phage dynamics and a lack of regulatory frameworks. However, to validate efficacy, large-scale trials are needed. Engineered virophages should be given priority in global antimicrobial stewardship initiatives since they are a breakthrough step in the fight against superbugs.